Microsoft Licensing · Internal Audit Template

Microsoft Licensing Usage Review TemplateA Practical Guide to Internal Audits Before Renewal — Eliminating Shelfware, Ensuring Compliance, and Building Your Negotiation Position

Enterprises routinely overspend by 15–25% on Microsoft renewals because they enter negotiations without accurate usage data. This guide provides a structured, repeatable template for conducting internal licence reviews — comparing entitlements against actual deployment — so CIOs can negotiate renewals from a position of data-driven confidence.

📋 Internal Audit Template 🛡 EA Renewal Preparation 📅 July 2025 ⏱ 20-minute read
15–25%
Typical Overspend Without Review
3–6 Mo
Optimal Lead Time Before Renewal
8 Steps
Structured Review Process
ELP
Effective Licence Position

1. Why Internal Licence Reviews Are Essential Before Renewal

Most enterprises enter Microsoft EA renewal negotiations relying on Microsoft’s renewal proposal as their starting point. This is fundamentally the wrong approach. Microsoft’s proposal is based on your current contracted quantities — not your actual usage. It assumes you need everything you have today, plus whatever growth Microsoft’s sales team can justify. Without your own independent usage data, you have no basis to challenge these assumptions.

An internal licensing usage review — essentially a self-audit — builds your Effective Licence Position (ELP): a verified comparison of what you are entitled to use versus what is actually deployed and actively used. This ELP becomes the foundation for every renewal decision, from identifying shelfware you can eliminate to spotting compliance gaps you should address before Microsoft discovers them.

💸

Eliminate Shelfware

Identify licences you are paying for but nobody uses. Organisations typically discover 10–20% of their Microsoft licences are unused — assigned to departed employees, cancelled projects, or test accounts that were never deprovisioned.

🛡

Ensure Compliance

Discover any under-licensed situations before Microsoft’s auditors do. Proactively resolving a compliance gap at your normal contract pricing avoids the list-price penalties and surcharges imposed during a formal audit.

📊

Right-Size Licence Tiers

Identify users with premium licences (E5) who only use basic features (email and Office). Downgrading these users to E3 at renewal can save USD 15–22 per user per month without any loss of functionality they actually use.

🤝

Strengthen Negotiation Position

Enter renewal discussions with evidence, not assumptions. When you can demonstrate that only 600 of your 1,000 Visio licences are in use, Microsoft cannot credibly push you to renew all 1,000. Data transforms negotiation dynamics.

“The real waste in modern enterprise licensing is almost always over-licensing, not under-licensing. Organisations routinely discover 15–25% of their Microsoft spend is going to licences that deliver zero business value. An internal review before renewal is the single most effective way to convert that waste into savings.”

2. The Eight-Step Internal Licence Review Process

An effective usage review follows a structured, repeatable process. These eight steps provide a comprehensive framework that can be adapted to any organisation’s size and complexity. The entire process should be completed 3–6 months before your EA expiry date to ensure findings can inform renewal negotiations.

1

Define Scope and Objectives

Determine which Microsoft products and services to review. Ideally, encompass all major licence categories: Microsoft 365 (E3, E5, F1/F3), Windows Server and SQL Server, Dynamics 365, Azure consumption, and standalone products (Visio, Project, Power BI). If a comprehensive review is not feasible within your timeline, prioritise by spend — audit the highest-cost areas first. Set a clear objective: build an accurate ELP showing entitled vs deployed vs actively used for every product.

2

Assemble the Cross-Functional Review Team

An internal audit is not an IT-only exercise. Assign a SAM/ITAM lead to coordinate the process, IT Operations to provide deployment and usage data, Procurement to gather entitlement records and contract documents, Finance to quantify the cost impact of findings, and Business Unit representatives to validate whether specific licences are genuinely needed. Clear ownership is critical — designate one person accountable for driving the project to completion and chasing down all data inputs.

3

Gather Actual Usage Data

Collect deployment and utilisation data across all Microsoft products. For cloud services, use Microsoft 365 admin centre reports for active user counts by subscription type and identify accounts with no login activity in 60+ days. For on-premises software, run discovery tools (SCCM/MECM, third-party SAM platforms) to inventory Windows Server, SQL Server, and desktop application installations — including version and edition. For Azure, pull consumption data from Azure Cost Management. For feature utilisation, assess whether E5 users are actually using E5-specific features (advanced security, voice, analytics) or only core Office functionality.

4

Compile Entitlement Records

In parallel, collect all records of what your organisation is entitled to use: Enterprise Agreement documents listing contracted quantities, Microsoft Licence Statements (MLS) from the Volume Licensing Service Centre, CSP or MPSA purchase records, OEM licence documentation, and previous true-up reports showing mid-term additions. Organise entitlement data by product to match your usage inventory format. Note that the MLS may not include CSP purchases or OEM licences — supplement accordingly.

5

Reconcile: Identify Gaps and Surpluses

Compare usage against entitlements for every product to build your Effective Licence Position. Identify surplus licences (entitled but unused — candidates for elimination at renewal), compliance shortfalls (deployed beyond entitlement — resolve before an external audit), oversized licences (premium tier assigned where standard would suffice), and duplicate or redundant assignments (users with overlapping licence types due to misconfiguration). Present findings in a structured worksheet showing Entitled vs In Use vs Unused vs Action Plan for each product SKU.

6

Validate Findings with Stakeholders

Before acting on reconciliation results, validate every finding with the relevant stakeholder. Confirm with HR that inactive Microsoft 365 accounts correspond to departed employees. Check with department leads whether unused Project or Visio licences reflect genuine redundancy or seasonal usage not captured in your point-in-time analysis. Verify with infrastructure teams that server inventory data is accurate — automated scanners can miss or double-count instances. Validation prevents cutting licences that are genuinely needed and secures business unit buy-in.

7

Execute Quick Wins Immediately

Address findings that can be resolved before renewal: reclaim licences from inactive users and reassign them from the pool before purchasing new ones. Shut down unused Azure resources (immediate cost reduction on pay-as-you-go). Flag compliance gaps and quietly purchase additional licences or adjust deployments to become compliant before any external audit. Build your true-down plan — documenting every licence you intend to reduce at renewal. There are no penalties for reducing quantities when an EA term ends.

8

Document Everything in the Licence Review Template

Compile all findings into a clear, structured report that serves both as an internal governance record and a negotiation tool. The template should list every product with columns for Entitled, In Use, Unused, and Action Plan. This document guides your renewal conversation, provides evidence to resist Microsoft’s upselling, and demonstrates mature IT governance to auditors or internal stakeholders.

3. The Licence Review Template: Structure and Format

The centrepiece of your internal audit is a structured worksheet that maps every Microsoft product to its entitlement, deployment, and usage status. This template becomes your single source of truth for renewal negotiations and ongoing licence governance.

Product / SKUEntitledIn UseUnusedAction Plan
Microsoft 365 E51,00095050Renew 950. Review E5 feature usage — downgrade non-power users to E3.
Microsoft 365 E32,5002,400100Renew 2,400. Reclaim inactive accounts. Evaluate F3 for frontline workers.
Visio Plan 220012080Renew 120 only. Reassign or eliminate 80 unused licences. USD 28,800/yr saving.
Power BI Pro800500300Renew 500. Investigate if Power BI Premium per capacity could replace individual licences at lower cost for remaining users.
Windows Server Std50 cores50 coresUsage matches entitlement. Renew all. Verify AHB coverage for Azure VMs.
SQL Server Enterprise100 cores110 cores−10 shortfallPurchase 10 additional cores before renewal to resolve compliance gap.
Azure ConsumptionUSD 500K/yrUSD 450K/yrUSD 50K headroomReduce commitment to USD 460K. Apply AHB and RIs for further savings.
Total Annual Savings IdentifiedUSD 180,000–250,000 in licence reductions + USD 50,000 in Azure commitment optimisation

This template format provides clarity at a glance: green cells indicate savings opportunities, red cells flag compliance risks, and the action plan column ensures every finding has a clear next step. Populate this template for every Microsoft product in your estate, regardless of whether it appears in your EA — CSP purchases, MPSA subscriptions, and OEM licences should all be included for a complete picture.

4. Data Collection: Where to Find Usage and Entitlement Information

The quality of your licence review depends entirely on the quality of data you collect. Here is a comprehensive guide to the data sources available for each category of Microsoft product.

Cloud Services

Microsoft 365 & Dynamics 365

Usage data: Microsoft 365 admin centre > Reports > Usage. Pull active user counts per subscription (E5, E3, E1, F1/F3). Review the “Last Activity Date” for each user — accounts inactive for 60+ days are candidates for reclaim. Feature adoption reports show which E5-specific capabilities (Defender, Phone System, Power BI) are actually used. Entitlements: EA portal or VLSC licence summary; CSP partner portal for subscriptions purchased outside the EA.

On-Premises

Windows Server, SQL Server, Desktop Apps

Usage data: SCCM/MECM inventory, MAP Toolkit, or third-party SAM tools (Snow, Flexera, ServiceNow SAM). Capture server names, operating systems, editions, core counts, and virtualisation host configurations. For SQL Server, document instances, editions, and physical host core counts (licensing is based on physical cores). Entitlements: Microsoft Licence Statement, EA order confirmation, MPSA records, OEM certificates of authenticity.

Azure

Azure Consumption & Reservations

Usage data: Azure Cost Management > Cost Analysis for consumption trends. Azure Advisor for underutilised VM recommendations. Azure Hybrid Benefit usage reports showing which VMs have AHB enabled. Reserved Instance utilisation reports. Entitlements: EA Azure monetary commitment details; Azure Reserved Instance purchase records; on-premises licence inventory (for AHB eligibility verification).

💾 Data Collection Best Practices

  • Consolidate into a central inventory: Create a single spreadsheet or database that maps every Microsoft product to its source of truth for both usage and entitlement data. This prevents fragmented data collection and ensures completeness.
  • Capture version and edition detail: Licensing rules depend on specific editions and versions. A Windows Server Standard licence cannot cover a Datacenter deployment. SQL Server Enterprise and Standard have entirely different core requirements. Record this granularity.
  • Account for virtualisation: Server licensing in virtualised environments is the most common source of errors. Document physical host core counts, the number of VMs per host, and whether Software Assurance with Licence Mobility is in place. Without this detail, your ELP will be inaccurate.
  • Include all procurement channels: The Microsoft Licence Statement may not include CSP purchases, OEM licences, or MPSA subscriptions. Supplement the MLS with records from every channel through which your organisation has acquired Microsoft software.
  • Use a consistent point-in-time: Collect all usage and entitlement data as close to the same date as possible. A usage snapshot from January compared against entitlement records from March creates reconciliation errors.

5. Reconciliation: Finding the Gaps, Surpluses, and Optimisation Opportunities

The reconciliation phase is where the value of your internal review materialises. By comparing usage data against entitlement records product by product, you identify four categories of findings — each with a distinct action plan.

Savings

Surplus Licences (Shelfware)

Licences you are paying for that nobody uses. Common examples: Microsoft 365 seats assigned to departed employees, Visio/Project licences from completed projects, Power BI Pro seats for users who never adopted the tool. Action: Reclaim immediately; reduce quantities at renewal. Every surplus licence is a direct cost that can be eliminated.

Risk

Compliance Shortfalls

Deployments exceeding your entitlement — more SQL Server instances than licences, more Windows Server VMs than your core count covers. Action: Resolve before renewal by purchasing additional licences at contract pricing (far cheaper than the list-price penalties imposed during a formal audit). Address quietly and proactively.

Optimisation

Oversized Licence Tiers

Users with premium licences who only use basic functionality. The classic example: E5 users who use only email and Office apps and never touch advanced security, voice, or analytics features. Action: Downgrade to E3 at renewal. The per-user saving of USD 15–22/month multiplied across hundreds of users generates substantial annual savings.

Real-World Example

Manufacturing Company: USD 200,000 Saved Through Internal Review

Situation: A global manufacturing company performed an internal licence audit six months before their EA renewal. They had approximately 5,000 Microsoft 365 users and a broad portfolio of server, Visio, Project, and Power BI licences.

Findings: The review identified ~300 Microsoft 365 E3 licences assigned to departed employees or unused test accounts. Additionally, 100 users with E5 licences were only using email and core Office applications — no E5-specific features (advanced security, voice, analytics). The team also found 80 unused Visio Plan 2 licences from a completed engineering project.

Result: The company planned a 300-seat E3 reduction, 100 E5-to-E3 downgrades, and 80 Visio eliminations at renewal. Combined estimated savings: USD 200,000 over three years. The audit findings gave the CIO concrete evidence to negotiate a smaller, optimised EA and resist Microsoft’s pressure to renew at existing volumes.
Takeaway: Without the internal review, this company would have renewed all 5,000+ licences at existing levels, paying USD 200,000 over three years for software nobody was using. The review took approximately four weeks of effort across the team — a 100× return on the time invested.
Real-World Example

IT Services Firm: Compliance Gap Identified Before Audit

Situation: An IT services firm had been rapidly provisioning Windows Server VMs in Azure. Their internal self-assessment discovered that several Azure deployments were not covered by their existing on-premises licences — Azure Hybrid Benefit had not been correctly configured, and some VMs were running without any licence entitlement.

Result: The firm resolved the gap by properly enabling Azure Hybrid Benefit where eligible and purchasing additional core licences to cover the remaining shortfall. Total remediation cost: approximately USD 35,000 at contract pricing. Had this gap been discovered during a Microsoft audit, the same licences would have been priced at full list (approximately USD 90,000) plus potential surcharges.
Takeaway: Proactive compliance resolution at contract pricing saved the firm approximately USD 55,000 compared to the audit penalty scenario. The CIO used this example to justify the ongoing investment in regular licence tracking to the CFO.
Real-World Example

Retail Enterprise: Data-Driven Negotiation Reduces Proposal by 35%

Situation: A large retail enterprise inventoried all Microsoft licences and usage before their EA renewal. Microsoft’s initial renewal proposal assumed they needed 1,000 Visio licences and 800 Power BI Pro subscriptions — matching the previous EA quantities.

Result: The company countered with usage data showing only 600 Visio and 500 Power BI were actively used. Microsoft accepted the reduction because the customer had clear, documented evidence. The negotiated renewal was 35% smaller than the initial proposal on those specific products.
Takeaway: Concrete usage data prevents overselling. Microsoft cannot credibly push licences you demonstrably do not need when you arrive at the negotiating table with a verified ELP. Without the data, the retail company would have renewed all 1,800 licences — paying for 700 seats nobody used.

6. Common Pitfalls in Internal Licence Reviews

Even well-intentioned internal reviews can produce incomplete or inaccurate results if common pitfalls are not avoided. Here are the mistakes we see most frequently.

PitfallImpactHow to Avoid It
No clear ownershipReview stalls; data collection is incompleteAssign a single accountable SAM/ITAM lead with authority to chase all inputs
Ignoring virtualisation detailServer ELP is inaccurate; compliance gaps missedDocument physical host cores, VM counts, and Licence Mobility coverage
Using only the MLSCSP, OEM, and MPSA licences not countedSupplement MLS with all procurement channel records
Point-in-time vs usage trendsSeasonal or project-based usage missedAnalyse 3–6 months of usage data, not a single snapshot
Not validating with business unitsNeeded licences flagged as surplusConfirm every proposed reduction with the relevant department
Leaving findings undocumentedInsights lost; no negotiation leverageRecord everything in the structured licence review template
Starting too lateInsufficient time to act before renewalBegin the review 6 months before EA expiry; allow 4–8 weeks for completion

7. From Review to Renewal: Using Your ELP as a Negotiation Tool

Your completed Effective Licence Position is not just a compliance document — it is the most powerful tool you can bring to a Microsoft renewal negotiation. Here is how to leverage it effectively.

📉

Challenge the Baseline

Microsoft’s renewal proposal will default to your current contracted quantities. Your ELP provides the evidence to counter with actual usage numbers. For every product where usage is below entitlement, propose renewing at the lower number. The burden of proof shifts to Microsoft to justify why you need more than you use.

🔄

Right-Size Licence Tiers

Use feature adoption data to propose tier downgrades (E5 to E3, Enterprise to Standard) where premium capabilities are unused. Microsoft will resist downgrades because of the revenue impact, but documented feature utilisation data makes the case irrefutable.

🛡

Resolve Compliance Proactively

If your ELP identified shortfalls, address them before negotiation begins. Walking into a renewal with known compliance gaps weakens your position — Microsoft may use the gap as leverage to push a larger deal. Arriving compliant and informed is the strongest possible posture.

🎯

Demonstrate Governance Maturity

Presenting a structured ELP signals to Microsoft that you are a sophisticated, well-managed customer. This discourages aggressive upselling tactics and often results in more favourable treatment — Microsoft prefers to retain well-informed customers with fair terms rather than risk losing them entirely.

“Microsoft’s sales team cannot easily push licences you demonstrably do not need. Data transforms the renewal from a conversation about what Microsoft wants to sell into a conversation about what you actually need to buy. That shift in dynamic is worth more than any negotiation tactic.”

8. Building a Repeatable Licence Governance Practice

The greatest value from an internal licence review comes not from a one-time exercise, but from establishing a repeatable governance practice that maintains licence accuracy continuously. Organisations that implement ongoing licence management reduce renewal overspend by 15–25% year over year.

🏢 Licence Governance Best Practices

  • Annual or semi-annual audit cadence: Schedule internal reviews tied to your EA anniversary or true-up cycle. Do not wait for renewal — continuous monitoring catches drift before it accumulates into significant waste or compliance risk.
  • Automated SAM tooling: Deploy Software Asset Management tools that continuously scan your environment and compare deployments against entitlements. Automated discovery eliminates the manual data collection burden and provides real-time visibility.
  • Licence reclamation workflows: Integrate with HR systems to automatically flag or reclaim Microsoft licences when employees leave or change roles. Orphaned licences assigned to former employees are the single largest source of shelfware.
  • Standardised review template: Use the same template format for every review, enabling year-over-year comparison. Track trends in surplus, shortfall, and utilisation to identify systemic patterns that drive targeted optimisation.
  • Cross-functional governance board: Establish a regular (quarterly) meeting of IT, procurement, finance, and business unit representatives to review licence utilisation data, approve proposed changes, and align licence strategy with business plans.

9. Recommendations: Seven Principles for Effective Licence Reviews

📅

1. Start 6 Months Early

Begin the internal review at least six months before EA expiry. This provides sufficient time for data collection, validation, quick-win execution, and integration of findings into your negotiation strategy.

👥

2. Make It Cross-Functional

Involve IT, procurement, finance, and business units. Each brings essential data and context. A review conducted in IT isolation misses procurement records and business unit requirements.

🛠

3. Invest in SAM Tooling

Manual data collection is error-prone and time-consuming. SAM tools automate discovery, reconciliation, and reporting — transforming the review from a project into a continuous capability.

🔍

4. Analyse Usage Trends, Not Snapshots

Review 3–6 months of usage data rather than a single point-in-time. This captures seasonal patterns, project-based usage, and ensures you do not accidentally eliminate licences needed intermittently.

📝

5. Document Everything

Record every finding, data source, and decision. Documentation guides renewal negotiation, demonstrates governance maturity to auditors, and enables knowledge transfer as team members change.

6. Act on Findings Immediately

Do not wait for renewal to reclaim unused licences, shut down idle Azure resources, or resolve compliance gaps. Quick wins generate immediate savings and improve your negotiating position for the renewal conversation.

🧑

7. Engage Independent Expertise

For complex estates or high-value renewals, independent licensing advisors provide benchmark data, identify gaps internal teams miss, and add credibility to your negotiation position. Advisory fees are typically a fraction of the savings they enable.

🔄

Bonus: Make It Repeatable

Transform the one-time review into an ongoing governance practice. Annual or semi-annual reviews, automated SAM tooling, and integrated HR deprovisioning workflows sustain savings year after year.

10. Why Independent Advisory Enhances Your Licence Review

While internal licence reviews are achievable with in-house resources, independent advisory significantly enhances both the quality of findings and the impact on renewal outcomes. The information asymmetry between Microsoft’s licensing specialists (who manage thousands of agreements) and your internal team (who manage one) creates an inherent disadvantage that independent expertise can address.

Advantage 1

Specialised Licensing Knowledge

Microsoft licensing rules are complex and frequently changing. Independent advisors maintain current expertise on product use rights, virtualisation rules, hybrid deployment entitlements, and contractual nuances that internal teams may not track. This expertise prevents ELP errors that could undermine your negotiation position or create hidden compliance risk.

Advantage 2

Benchmark Data from Comparable Deals

Independent advisors bring pricing and discount benchmarks from hundreds of Microsoft agreements across industries. This data tells you whether Microsoft’s proposed pricing is competitive, where there is room to negotiate, and what terms other organisations of your size and profile have secured. Without benchmarks, you negotiate blind.

Advantage 3

Complete Vendor Independence

Redress Compliance has no commercial relationship with Microsoft — no partner status, no referral commissions, no licence resale. This ensures our review findings and negotiation recommendations are exclusively aligned with your interests, without any vendor influence on our advice.

Frequently Asked Questions

When should we start an internal licence review before EA renewal?
Begin at least six months before your EA expiry date. This provides sufficient time for four to eight weeks of data collection and reconciliation, stakeholder validation, execution of quick wins (reclaiming unused licences, resolving compliance gaps), and integration of findings into your renewal negotiation strategy. Starting too late — for example, one month before renewal — leaves no time to act on findings, and you end up renewing at existing volumes regardless of what the review uncovers.
What is an Effective Licence Position (ELP) and why does it matter?
An Effective Licence Position is a verified, product-by-product comparison of your Microsoft licence entitlements against actual deployments and usage. It shows exactly what you are entitled to use, what is actively deployed, what is unused (shelfware), and where you may have compliance gaps. The ELP matters because it replaces assumptions with evidence. Without an ELP, you negotiate renewals based on Microsoft’s proposal (which assumes you need everything you currently have). With an ELP, you negotiate based on what you actually use — typically 15–25% less.
Who should be involved in an internal licence review?
An effective review requires cross-functional participation: a SAM/ITAM lead to coordinate the process, IT Operations to provide deployment and usage data (M365 admin reports, server inventories, Azure consumption), Procurement to supply entitlement records and contract documents, Finance to quantify cost impact, and Business Unit representatives to validate whether flagged licences are genuinely unused. Clear ownership is essential — designate one person accountable for driving the project to completion.
How do we identify unused Microsoft 365 licences?
Use the Microsoft 365 admin centre Reports section to pull active user counts per subscription type (E5, E3, E1, F1/F3). Review the “Last Activity Date” for each user — accounts with no login activity in 60+ days are strong candidates for licence reclamation. Cross-reference with HR data to confirm whether inactive accounts belong to departed employees or users on extended leave. For E5 licence tier optimisation, use feature adoption reports to identify users who never access E5-specific features (Defender, Phone System, Power BI) and could be downgraded to E3.
Can we reduce licence quantities at EA renewal without penalty?
Yes. When an Enterprise Agreement term expires and you enter a renewal, there is no penalty for reducing quantities. Microsoft expects customers to right-size at renewal. The EA true-up mechanism during the term only allows increases (you cannot reduce mid-term), but at the end of the three-year term, you are free to renew at whatever quantities you choose. This is precisely why the internal review should be completed before renewal — it identifies every licence that can be safely reduced.
What if our internal review discovers we are under-licensed?
Address compliance shortfalls immediately and proactively. Purchase additional licences at your contract pricing (EA discount rates) to close the gap before renewal negotiations or any external audit. Resolving a compliance shortfall at contract pricing is significantly cheaper than the list-price penalties imposed during a formal Microsoft audit, which can include 100% list price plus 5–25% surcharges. Document the remediation to demonstrate your commitment to compliance — this strengthens your position if Microsoft ever initiates an audit.
Does Redress Compliance have any commercial relationship with Microsoft?
No. Redress Compliance is a 100% independent advisory firm. We do not resell Microsoft licences, hold Microsoft partner status, or earn any referral commissions from Microsoft. This complete vendor independence ensures our licence review findings and renewal negotiation recommendations are exclusively aligned with our clients’ interests — a critical distinction from advisory firms with Microsoft partnerships that may have financial incentives to recommend higher spend.

Get Your Microsoft Licence Position Right Before Renewal

Redress Compliance delivers independent Microsoft licensing reviews and EA renewal advisory — helping CIOs build verified Effective Licence Positions, eliminate shelfware, resolve compliance gaps, and negotiate renewals with data-driven confidence. Complete vendor independence and proven strategies.

Related Resources

FF

Fredrik Filipsson

Fredrik Filipsson is the co-founder of Redress Compliance, a leading independent advisory firm specialising in Oracle, Microsoft, SAP, IBM, and Salesforce licensing. With over 20 years of experience in software licensing and contract negotiations, Fredrik has helped hundreds of organisations — including numerous Fortune 500 companies — optimise costs, avoid compliance risks, and secure favourable terms with major software vendors. He built his expertise over two decades working directly for IBM, SAP, and Oracle before founding Redress Compliance 11 years ago.